NAVISTAR INC

Navistar, Inc., the Warrenville, Illinois-headquartered heavy-duty truck and engine manufacturer (NAICS 336120), carries an EPA ECHO profile of 7 facilities, 7 quarters with non-compliance across the trailing 24 months, and an apportioned penalty exposure of approximately $20.8 million [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. No active permits appear in the ECHO pull as of May 4, 2026. The most recent permit date on file is September 2, 2014 [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. The company now operates commercially as International Motors following its 2021 acquisition by TRATON SE and remains privately held; no CIK is assigned, and no 10-K or 10-Q was retrievable for this briefing.

The defining enforcement event of the past five years arrived on October 25, 2021, when a Clean Air Act consent decree was lodged under which Navistar agreed to a $52 million civil penalty and at least $30 million in NOx mitigation spending. The decree resolved allegations that Navistar introduced 7,749 model-year 2010 heavy-duty diesel engines into U.S. commerce without a valid EPA certificate of conformity [source: https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/navistar-inc-clean-air-act-settlement] [source: https://epa.gov/newsreleases/navistar-inc-reduce-10000-tons-nox-emissions-and-pay-52-million-civil-penalty-federal] [source: https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1444346/dl]. That decree continues to govern Navistar's emissions-credit posture and underlies much of the ECHO-apportioned penalty figure. On the facility side, the most consequential recent development is the announced divestiture of the Springfield, Ohio plant to Canadian defense manufacturer Roshel, reported March 30, 2026 [source: https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/international-motors-facility-to-be-sold-to-defense-commercial-vehicle-manufacturer/article_fe51248d-c848-55ab-b886-d66233568dab.html]. That transaction will shift future Clean Air Act permit obligations at the Springfield site to the acquirer upon closing, expected in fall 2026.

Navistar's compliance record over the past 24 months sits atop a longer federal enforcement arc that began in 2015 and closed in late 2021. On June 8, 2015, the United States filed United States v. Navistar, Inc., Civil Action No. 15-cv-6143, in the Northern District of Illinois, alleging violations of Section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7522(a)(1), tied to 7,749 heavy-duty diesel engines sold without a valid certificate of conformity [source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/10/29/2021-23572/notice-of-lodging-of-proposed-consent-decree-under-the-clean-air-act] [source: https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-navistar-intl-corp-1]. Six years of litigation followed. The Department of Justice lodged the proposed consent decree on October 25, 2021 before Judge Mary M. Rowland [source: https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1444346/dl].

The 24-month window captured by ECHO — May 2024 through May 2026 — reflects the residual compliance footprint of that decree plus routine state-program activity across seven facilities [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. ECHO's derivation methodology is mechanical: viol_24mo = min(quarters with non-compliance, 8); penalty_24mo = total 5-year penalty × (24/60). That formula apportions the 2021 federal settlement across the trailing five-year window, which is the source of the $20.8 million figure [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. It is an apportionment, not a new assessment. Indiana Department of Environmental Management records separately document violations at a Navistar facility for intermittent failure to perform or maintain visible emission notations and pressure drop readings, in violation of Permit conditions D.1.10, D.2.9, D.3.10, D.4.10, and D.6.10 under 326 IAC 2-7-4(c) [source: https://www.in.gov/idem/oe/cause/AO/21102-A.htm].

The most consequential corporate event of the 24-month window is structural rather than enforcement-driven. On March 30, 2026, Springfield News-Sun and Dayton 24/7 Now reported that the Springfield, Ohio International Motors plant — a century-old manufacturing site and one of the ECHO-listed facilities — will be sold to Roshel, a Canadian defense and commercial vehicle manufacturer, with closing expected in fall 2026 [source: https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/international-motors-facility-to-be-sold-to-defense-commercial-vehicle-manufacturer/article_fe51248d-c848-55ab-b886-d66233568dab.html] [source: https://dayton247now.com/news/local/navistars-longtime-springfield-manufacturing-plant-transitions-to-new-owner-roshel]. The transaction changes the operator of record for future air-permit obligations at that site. No new federal consent decrees or EPA civil referrals against Navistar were identified in the research bundle for the 24-month window beyond the continuing obligations of the 2021 settlement.

Action 1 — United States v. Navistar, Inc., Civil Action No. 15-cv-6143 (N.D. Ill., Judge Mary M. Rowland). Program: Clean Air Act §203(a)(1), 42 U.S.C. §7522(a)(1). The complaint was filed in 2015; the amended complaint alleged introduction into commerce of 7,749 model-year 2010 heavy-duty diesel engines without a valid EPA-issued certificate of conformity demonstrating compliance with NOx emission standards [source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/10/29/2021-23572/notice-of-lodging-of-proposed-consent-decree-under-the-clean-air-act]. Outcome: consent decree lodged October 25, 2021; $52 million civil penalty; at least $30 million in NOx mitigation spending; retirement of remaining NOx credits under EPA's Averaging, Banking & Trading program; at least 10,000 tons of NOx reduction committed [source: https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/navistar-inc-clean-air-act-settlement] [source: https://epa.gov/newsreleases/navistar-inc-reduce-10000-tons-nox-emissions-and-pay-52-million-civil-penalty-federal] [source: https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1444346/dl]. Secondary coverage: Chicago Sun-Times, October 25, 2021 [source: https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/10/25/22745444/navistar-air-pollution-truck-pollution-diesel-department-justice-lisle]; Trucks, Parts, Service trade coverage [source: https://www.truckpartsandservice.com/trucks-trailers/article/15280658/navistar-agrees-to-52-million-civil-fine-in-epa-suit-due-to-prior-case].

Action 2 — Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Agreed Order Cause No. 21102-A. Program: state air (Title V/Part 70), 326 IAC 2-7-4(c). The IDEM finding describes intermittent lapses in visible emission notations and pressure drop readings in violation of Permit conditions D.1.10, D.2.9, D.3.10, D.4.10, and D.6.10 [source: https://www.in.gov/idem/oe/cause/AO/21102-A.htm]. Pressure drop monitoring is the standard surrogate for baghouse and filter integrity on combustion and coating-line sources. Dollar penalty was not disclosed in the retrieved excerpt.

Action 3 — ECHO aggregate signal. ECHO records 7 quarters with non-compliance across 7 facilities in the trailing 24 months, with apportioned penalty exposure of $20,800,000 derived as 24/60 of the trailing five-year penalty total [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. Specific program splits (CWA/CAA/RCRA) and facility-by-facility penalty allocations are not broken out in the ECHO exporter summary. No active permits appear in the 24-month pull; the latest permit date on file is September 2, 2014 [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip].

Facility 1 — Springfield, Ohio assembly plant (FRS in ECHO set). The site has anchored Springfield's manufacturing base for more than a century. It is slated for sale to Roshel in fall 2026, a transaction that will transfer future air-permit obligations to the Canadian acquirer upon closing [source: https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/international-motors-facility-to-be-sold-to-defense-commercial-vehicle-manufacturer/article_fe51248d-c848-55ab-b886-d66233568dab.html] [source: https://dayton247now.com/news/local/navistars-longtime-springfield-manufacturing-plant-transitions-to-new-owner-roshel]. EPA ECHO lists it among the seven Navistar facility IDs [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip].

Facility 2 — Navistar engine and assembly site referenced in the Indiana IDEM Agreed Order, Cause No. 21102-A. IDEM findings describe intermittent lapses in visible emission notations and pressure drop readings under a Part 70 permit, in violation of conditions D.1.10, D.2.9, D.3.10, D.4.10, and D.6.10 [source: https://www.in.gov/idem/oe/cause/AO/21102-A.htm]. Those conditions are consistent with coating-line and combustion-source monitoring obligations typical of heavy-duty truck assembly.

Facility 3 — Westchester, Illinois corporate-linked interiors site. Krusinski Construction documents a 100,000 SF corporate office and interiors project at Navistar International Transportation in Westchester, IL [source: https://www.krusinski.com/work/navistar-international-transportation-westchester-il/]. ECHO data does not attribute process-emissions penalties to this office footprint.

Facility 4 — Lisle, Illinois corporate and engineering campus. The Lisle site was the named corporate locus in the 2021 DOJ and EPA settlement coverage [source: https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/10/25/22745444/navistar-air-pollution-truck-pollution-diesel-department-justice-lisle]. No facility-specific penalty allocation is broken out in the ECHO exporter for this location.

Facility 5 — Remaining ECHO-listed facility IDs (110000394957, 110054833917, 110066851259, 110001285537, 110070868085, 110000888736, 110040842158). The ECHO exporter lists these registry IDs under the Navistar cluster but does not publish pollutant-level detail in the summary pull. The ej_index_avg is reported as 0.0, which reflects null or absent EJScreen data in the extract rather than a measured zero exposure [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. Facility-level EJScreen reports should be consulted directly for each FRS ID.

Pollutant 1 — Nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx is the central pollutant in the 2021 consent decree. The settlement commits Navistar to reduce at least 10,000 tons of NOx through mitigation projects and to retire its remaining credits under EPA's Averaging, Banking & Trading program [source: https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/navistar-inc-clean-air-act-settlement] [source: https://epa.gov/newsreleases/navistar-inc-reduce-10000-tons-nox-emissions-and-pay-52-million-civil-penalty-federal]. NOx contributes to ground-level ozone formation and fine particulate secondary aerosol. Exposure pathways are primarily inhalation, concentrated in near-roadway and near-source populations. Environmental justice implications are sharpest in freight corridors where on-highway heavy-duty trucks accumulate the most operating hours.

Pollutant 2 — Diesel particulate matter and associated visible emissions. The IDEM Agreed Order, Cause No. 21102-A, cites failures to maintain visible emission notations and pressure drop readings on control devices governed by 326 IAC 2-7-4(c) [source: https://www.in.gov/idem/oe/cause/AO/21102-A.htm]. Pressure drop monitoring is the standard surrogate for baghouse and filter integrity on combustion and paint-line sources typical of truck assembly operations.

Pollutant 3 — Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with paint and coating operations. Heavy-duty truck assembly under NAICS 336120 commonly triggers Part 70 VOC permit conditions. The IDEM permit conditions D.1.10 through D.6.10 referenced in the Agreed Order are consistent with coating-line monitoring obligations at a facility of this type [source: https://www.in.gov/idem/oe/cause/AO/21102-A.htm]. The EPA ECHO pull does not publish a top-pollutants list for this cluster; top_pollutants returns empty [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip].

The research bundle returned an empty NAICS 336120 peer benchmark set, so a quantitative peer comparison against Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing competitors — PACCAR, Daimler Truck North America, Volvo Trucks North America — is not supported by the retrieved data [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. Third-party coverage confirms the competitive set. PACCAR Q1 2026 coverage names Navistar International and Volvo Trucks North America as heavy-duty segment competitors verifiable through SEC 10-K filings [source: https://www.ad-hoc-news.de/boerse/news/ueberblick/paccar-inc-stock-us6937181088-q1-2026-net-income-rises-to-605-3m/69263688], and Yahoo Finance's electric-trucks market coverage lists Volvo, BYD, Daimler, Dongfeng, FAW, Foton, ISUZU, Navistar, PACCAR, and Scania [source: https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/energy/articles/electric-trucks-market-size-share-120100579.html]. Comparable ECHO violation counts and penalty totals for those peers were not included in the pull, so no ratio-based ranking is possible at this time.

Navistar is privately held following its 2021 acquisition by TRATON SE. No CIK is assigned, and no 10-K Item 1A or 10-Q environmental disclosure was retrievable for this briefing [source: https://echo.epa.gov/files/echodownloads/echo_exporter.zip]. The forward-looking environmental risk signal therefore rests on two pillars. First, continuing obligations under the October 25, 2021 consent decree in N.D. Ill. Civil Action 15-cv-6143 — specifically the NOx credit retirement requirement and the $30 million mitigation program — remain active and enforceable [source: https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1444346/dl]. Second, the March 30, 2026 announced sale of the Springfield, Ohio plant to Roshel will transfer future Clean Air Act permit obligations at that century-old site to the acquirer upon closing, expected in fall 2026 [source: https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/international-motors-facility-to-be-sold-to-defense-commercial-vehicle-manufacturer/article_fe51248d-c848-55ab-b886-d66233568dab.html]. The divestiture reduces Navistar's regulated facility count but does not extinguish obligations that accrued prior to the transfer date.